Reflective Of Sociological Thesis Of Class - 978 Words

Working in the medical field, I have had the opportunity to interact with people of different backgrounds and social classes. I work in a multispecialty medical practice located in uptown New Orleans which accepts most insurance companies from private insurances to Medicare and Medicaid. We see patients from both sides of the spectrum; some are very wealthy, while others are low and working class patients. I have worked in the medical field for a few years now, and before taking this Sociology class I had never noticed certain characteristics that I have observed lately in our patients. I have realized that someone’s social class is revealed in many unexpected ways. My recent observations are reflective of sociological thesis of class. One of my observations is that patients have very distinctive ways of interacting with one another depending on their social class. As children, interaction with others is a very critical part of the socialization process. It is then when we learn how to form social ties. There is one major difference between the way children from low and middle upper classes socialize. In her article Invisible Inequality, Annette Lareau agrees that â€Å"middle-class children’s involvement in adult-organized activities led to mainly weak social ties† (Lareau, 764). While low-class children are on the street learning how to mingle with other kids, the upper class children spend most of their time in planned activities and do not get many opportunities toShow MoreRelatedPostmodernism And Its Impact On The Western Of The Manifold Carnage And Destruction Left By World War II2455 Words   |  10 Pagesnarrative. This results in a weakening of the Sonderweg thesis’ validity as its contribution to the historiographical debate surrounding the rise of National Socialism in Germany, is constrained by such critiques and tensions. However, the Sonderweg thesis’ â€Å"facilitation of retrospective discussion through amplification of meaning†, emphasises a different facet of historical ‘validity’. What prevails from this analysis, is that the Sonderweg thesis’ attempt to explain the rise of National Socialism inRead MoreAlternative Learning Systems9735 Words   |  39 Pagesof the Prison Classroom: Marginalized Identities and Sociological Imaginations behind Bars Teaching Sociology 39(2) 165–178 Ó American Sociological Association 2011 DOI: 10.1177/0092055X11400440 http://ts.sagepub.com Kylie L. Parrotta1 and Gretchen H. Thompson1 Abstract The authors use sociology of the college classroom to analyze their experiences as feminists teaching sociology courses in the ‘‘unconventional setting’’ of prison. Reflective writing was used to chronicle experiences in the classesRead MoreIntegrated Theories of Criminal Justice Essay example3632 Words   |  15 Pagescalled constraint. A central sociological problem concerns the process by which deviant or criminal behavior is controlled by the larger society. Although most would agree that social interaction is an important locus of control of crime and delinquency, criminological theory has not stressed the interactional mechanisms of social control. Instead, recent developments in criminological theory and research have focused on developing macrotheories of Marxist class categories and delinquency (ColvinRead MoreTracing Theoretical Approaches to Crime and Social Control: from Functionalism to Postmodernism16559 Words   |  67 PagesMany individuals played an important role in the production of this thesis, and I would like to take this opportunity to note my heartfelt appreciation. First, I am indebted in particular to my entire family; most importantly, Mom; every path I have taken has been to make you proud, and I hope to fulfill your dreams through my shoes. I would also like to thank my sister Michelina, Joel, Dad, Nanny, Ken Jarret, Uncle Ian Aunt Kari, my guardian angel Thomas, Gran my late Grampy–without yourRead More Is The Second Sex Beauvoirs Application of Sartrean Existentialism?3713 Words   |  15 Pagesphilosophy, defines the philosophical problem of the opposition of self and other, and explores the links between love and domination. In 1927, she thus lays the foundations of both Sartres phenomenology of interpersonal relationships and of her own thesis, in The Second Sex, that woman is the Other. Her descriptions of the experience of freedom and choice point to the influence of Bergson, specifically his concepts of becoming and à ©lan vital. Tracing Beauvoirs shift from her apolitical positionRead MorePublic Inquiry Into A Via Train, Prime Minister Stephen Harper3610 Words   |  15 PagesAgain in August of 2014, a week after the death of Tina Fontaine, Harper was asked why he would not commit to a public inquiry into the deaths of so many missing and murdered aboriginal women. Harper responded that these dea ths are/were not a â€Å"sociological phenomenon,† rather, they were just individual crimes unrelated to each other (The Star, August 26, 2014). So Harper’s responses basically may be to tell Canadians that the only way to understand and act towards crime is to use laws that punishRead MoreFordism Detailed and Referenced6927 Words   |  28 Pagesyou were a skilled erector of automobiles’ ‘ I thought I was’ replied the new employee. ‘Where did you work’ ‘At the plant of the Ford Motor Company’ ;What did you do’ ‘I screwed nut No. 58. (Gartman, 1979: 203, quoted in Meegan, 1988) Sociological and Cultural Aspects of Fordism. Littler (1986:56-57) describes how Ford incorporated aspects of Taylorism such as the disaggregation of planning from the execution of work, task fragmentation and the timing of specific operations and enhancedRead MoreSociological View on Deviance and Drug Use Essay8777 Words   |  36 Pagesprevent, and or punish him. Every society, then defines, explains and acts with regard to deviance. So who defines the deviant? What are the circumstances that make an act deviant? And according to whom? Theories attempt to explain a general class of phenomena: Why people use drugs? Most theories only focus on a particular feature of the phenomena of drug use: the illicit drugs themselves; alcoholism; the addiction; the drug experience (how-vs.-why); the individual who uses; and how societyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesapproaches to organization theory, there is a widely perceived need to bring some order to the field. This textbook offers a well-integrated synthesis of approaches to organization theory. It will be welcomed by organization theory scholars and reflective practitioners and is a valuable companion for scholars and students of organization theory. Henk W. Volberda, Chair of the Department of Strategic Management Business Environment and Vice-Dean of the RSM Erasmus University, Netherlands At lastRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pages However, I am afï ¬ rming that, even without these structures, Rastafari has carved out a niche for itself and has become embedded in the social and cultural fabric of Jamaican society; it thus ought to be considered entrenched or routinized. My thesis is that the entrenchment of Rastafari in Jamaica is made evident by three factors: (1) the internal development of the movement, (2) the gradual rapprochement between the movement and the wider society, and (3) the impact of Rastafari on the evolution

Performance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned For Athletes

Performance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned For Athletes The use of Performance Enhancing Drugs(PED) has a major impact on athletes negatively and cause many problems in sports and competitions. These PEDs should be banned for athletes and competitors on any level because they are, unhealthy and harmful to the body, give users an edge over competitors, and it diminishes the true sportsmanship of the game itself. The illegal use of Performance Enhancing Drugs lead to many unhealthy and potentionaly serious negative side effects. Long term side effects of PEDs include damage to vital organs such as the liver, kidney, and heart. PEDs affect your organs because they are not use to processing and breaking down these strong compound of the†¦show more content†¦PEDs also help with the recovery of soreness and muscle fatigue from training, this allows athletes who use these to spend more time training allowing them become stronger and better than the competition. Another way it gives users an edge over competition is it increases the stamina and speed of the athlete within a few days as to a â€Å"clean athlete† who has to train and condition for the results. PEDs assist with the gaining of muscle mass and strength as well as weight loss. This could be an unfair advantage because PEDs can make a user lose weight in a short period of time to fit into a lower weight class for competit ion. Another advantage is it gives users a noticeable increase in mass and strength in a short period of time. The illegal use of PEDs diminish the true sportsmanship of the game. In some sports and competitions PEDs make the sport unrealistic when users are so much better than others. For instance, in baseball a record for the most homeruns may be set by an athlete using illegal drugs which makes it unfair for the â€Å"clean athletes†. Athletes using PEDs are not using their natural abilities to compete they are cheating their way past competitors taking the fun and honesty out of the game. Some reporters say if an athlete is caught using PEDs any award or record they have set should be revoked. Sports have become so competitive that athletes young and old turn to PEDs to become better and that takes away from the fairness. AthletesShow MoreRelatedAnabolic Steroid Use in Sports Summary1493 Words   |  6 Pagescompetitive drive to win at all cost is fierce among athletes. Winning at all cost often includes using one of many performance enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids. M any athletes use performance enhancing drugs, like steroids, to achieve higher goals and set higher records than other drug-free successful athletes. Although athletes are performing at higher levels when using such drugs, what is the cost? Finally anabolic steroids should remain banned from sports because their use results in manyRead MoreSteroid Use in Sports1732 Words   |  7 Pagespercent of professional athletes use illegal steroids which are also known as performance enhancing drugs. These substances which are banned in professional sports aren’t just any type of steroid or drug. They are called anabolic steroids or performance enhancing drugs, and they are synthetically produced substances of male testosterone hormones. The use of these illegal steroids has garnered a lot of publicity within the world of sports over the past few years. As athletes continue to become biggerRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Not Be Legalized1129 Words   |  5 PagesPerform ance enhancing drugs should not be legalized ‘Olympic track star Marion Jones was sentenced in a federal court to six months in prison.’ (Kelly and Rao, 2008) The reason why Jones was guilty is because of the use of performance enhancing drugs since 1999. More and more famous athletes prove to have used banned drugs to enhance their performance. At the same time, the role that the anti-doping agency is more and more important in the world wide games, such as Olympic Game, Tour de FranceRead MoreShould Peds Persist Illegal For Athletes?1220 Words   |  5 PagesShould PEDs Persist Illegal for Athletes? Who could spare a day not doing any sort of sports? Throughout the years sports have been taking much place in people’s lives. Physical activity is an action which requires an individual’s efforts and own sweat. Of course, the efforts should ward off any drug involvement, especially in the sports field. Using performance enhancing drugs has extended and become a wide-spread phenomenon in many fields of sports. Using PEDs is one of the issues thatRead MoreWhy Performance-Enhancing Drugs Are Ruining Sports Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pagessomething that everyone in the world, regardless of age, sex, or nationality, can enjoy. Whether its a child playing in his first t-ball game or a professional athlete swimming in the Olympics and everyone in between, sports can connect almost everyone. Fan support and overall devotion for athletic competition has raised professional athletes to superstars and national icons; Super Bowl Sunday is a national holiday to some, and sports are one of the largest moneymakers in the economy. Because sportsRead MoreSay No to Doping!1042 Words   |  4 Pagesfailed the drug test (Cashmore) . Ellis Cashmore, a professor of culture, media, and sports at Staffordshire University in the United Kingdom, through his article, â€Å"Making Sense of Sports† , came up with an argument that drug should be allowed in sports. In the article, he effectively countered the argument of some people out there that taking drug will lead to the unfair competition. As we are from the generation who are never bored of seeking the best in human ability, the usage of drug is crucialRead MoreUse of Steroids by Athletes Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   A survey was presented to 198 U.S athletes with the following scenario. You are offered a banned performance enhancing substance that comes with two guarantees: 1) You will not be caught. 2). You will win every competition you enter for the next five years and then you will die from the side effects of the substance. Would you take it? More than half the athletes said yes. As we can infer from the above survey, a large number of professional athletes are willing to risk their lives for theRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs791 Words   |  3 PagesPerformance enhancing drugs Using performance-enhancing drugs such as doping. Most of the athletes take PED’s so they can win a golden medal for their country. And they want fame. No any athlete shouldn’t take PED because no one knows the risks. The penalty for using performance enhancing drugs should be stricter because it can cause health risks, it’s cheating, an it’s legally, and world class athletes use it and still get away with it. The government should banned drugs so no any athlete shouldn’tRead MoreSports Enhancing Drugs Is Great for sports: Personal Opinion Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pagesmovie was great; it had one of the worlds best athletes in it Michal Jordan. He is known as one of the greatest basketball players ever to play the game. Space jam can show how an extra boost can improve players’ game play to the next level. Athletes should be able to use sports enhancing drugs to boost performance for better play and fan entertainment. Think of a world where athletes are stronger, faster and more physical then today normal athletes. This would be great for fans that enjoy entertainmentRead MoreAnabolic Steroids : Use And Performance Enhancing Drugs1516 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of performance enhancing drugs like anabolic steroids has been a debatable topic in the United States as early as the 1950’s. Former U. S. Representative Howard Berman expresses that â€Å"Steroids can seem necessary to compete at the highest level, and the quick rewards may seem to outweigh the long term consequences to users.† The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) states that countless athletes, both young and old, face life threatening illnesses due to the use of performance-enhancing drugs

Reflection on Leadership for Transformational- myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1. How do you believe Transformational Servant Leadership inspires participation by followers? 2. How do you demonstrate Transformational Servant Leadership within your organization? 3. How do you define and demonstrate service to others? 4.What are your views on empowerment and the decision-making process? Answers: 1. Transformational servant leadership possesses attribute that guide and inspire followers to change and engage in work process. Transformational leadership have the four primary behavioral characteristics of charismatic influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and invidualized consideration. Through this attribute, they transform the mind set of followers and support them to participate for the fulfillment of organizational goals (Gregory Stone, Russell, Patterson, 2004).. Such leader-follower relationship thrives and success only because leaders create an environment of trust where other members readily wish to participate and contribute to organizational success. On the other hand, servant leadership supports works to meet the needs of others. They are involved in developing people and giving them the skills needed to gain credibility (Allen et al., 2016). Hence, transformational servant leadership both inspires and prepare people to develop in their job rol e. 2. In my organization, I demonstrate transformational servant leadership by means of intrinsic motivation and development of my team members. While interacting with new team members, my first focus is to share the vision and goals of the organization and explains their so that they understand what is expected from them. The next strategy as a leader is to align their own goal with that of the organization and stimulate them to engage in full activity by developing sense of meaningfulness, choice and progress in them. I try to motivate them by praising on their achievement and giving appreciation in front of everyone when a job is done well. Secondly, I also act as a guide to them and always try to take feedback from them on a regular basis to understand the challenges they face in their work. Based on this interaction, I support them to address their challenges and develop skills to achieve the goal of the organization. 3. I define and demonstrate service to other by taking on the role of the visionary. I communicate with my team members to define the goals and purpose of the organization. By this means, employees can make sense of what the organization is aiming to achieve. In this role, the main focus is on effective communication process with employees so that they become aware of the mission and purpose of the group and the interest of the participant in work is developed. 4. For me, decision-making process is facilitated by communication with key stakeholders to identify the best interest of all. Hence, for me the goal of decision-making is to achieve good for all and drive sustainable change in the organization. For empowering employees, the main priority is to understand the factors that motivate employees and increase their satisfaction level with the job. Communication also plays a key role in communicating high expectation to employees and motivating them to achieve established goals of the organization. To empower employees, I also take regular feedback from employees to understand their perception about job (Choi et al., 2016). The purpose of this feedback is mainly to understand what employees expect in the job and implement process to increase their sense of meaningfulness in workplace. Reference Allen, G. P., Moore, W. M., Moser, L. R., Neill, K. K., Sambamoorthi, U., Bell, H. S. (2016). The role of servant leadership and transformational leadership in academic pharmacy.American journal of pharmaceutical education,80(7), 113. Boies, K., Fiset, J., Gill, H. (2015). Communication and trust are key: Unlocking the relationship between leadership and team performance and creativity.The Leadership Quarterly,26(6), 1080-1094. Choi, S. L., Goh, C. F., Adam, M. B. H., Tan, O. K. (2016). Transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of employee empowerment.Human resources for health,14(1), 73. Gregory Stone, A., Russell, R. F., Patterson, K. (2004). Transformational versus servant leadership: A difference in leader focus.Leadership Organization Development Journal,25(4), 349-361.

Seven Ways to Fail Big

Paul Carrol and Chunka Mui asserted that there are seven ways to fail. Although there are several ways to fail, the authors clarified the root cause of the error as choosing the wrong strategy and not the failure in execution (Carrol Mui, p.2). This also suggests that at first glance these seven strategies are so alluring that CEOs and corporate leaders would want to use them not realizing that a brilliant strategy can also be the recipe for disaster.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Seven Ways to Fail Big specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sony Corporation is one company that had to learn the hard way – an example of how an enterprise can use an alluring strategy at the wrong place and the wrong time. Sony Corporation did not file for bankruptcy but in the eyes of various stakeholders there was a time when it failed big. In the case of Sony Corporation the failure to see the weakness of the strategies emplo yed was due to a faulty belief system coupled with a notion that it is an enterprise that is so dominant that it can never fail. The root cause of the problem is the failure to adapt to a changing world and yet forced to remain profitable. As a result the company was forced to consolidate with other companies. From these two missteps Sony started a chain reaction that led to 1) Consolidation Rush; 2) Staying the Course; 3) Wrong Technology Bets; 4) Synergy Mirage; 5) Pseudo Adjacencies; and 6) Faulty Financial Engineering. The only thing that the company avoided was to gobble up small players to increase its brand power. Consolidation Rush In latter part of the 20th century it was difficult to find a city in America where there is no walkman or a color TV set made by Sony Corporation. This once fledgling electronics manufacturing company has conquered the world with its miniaturized and portable music machine. Music lovers can use their walkmans to enjoy music whenever and wherever they like it. At the same time the quality of the picture that comes out of a Sony Trinitron was without equal. As a result Sony became the undisputed leader in electronics and was considered as a savvy innovator with a knack for knowing what the people really wanted when it comes to consumer electronic goods (Nathan, p.10). But their success became their weakness. It was difficult to change something that is very profitable. Therefore, when the huge profit stream began to dry up, the company had to find a way to remain solvent. Most of the time, a conglomerate like Sony Corporation can easily solve the problem by buying up the competition or purchasing a company that they believe can help them increase brand power.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The corporate leaders at Sony decided that the best way to go about it is to expand it already significant operation in the U.S. mainland and purchase began to move into the lucrative U.S. entertainment industry. As a consequence they are not only selling TV sets, they were also selling what can be seen on it. The company acquired Columbia Pictures. Staying the Course While the former CEOs of Sony dreamt of making a great deal of money by venturing into the entertainment industry, the other half of the company continued to produce consumer electronic goods. But when the world was adapting to the impact of globalization and the entry of competitors, Sony decided to stay the course. Analysts listed some of the problems that Sony had to deal and yet the company responded poorly: a) severe pressure on prices; b) missed opportunities; c) need to buy components; d) threat of new format wars; e) inflexibility when it comes to proprietary aspect of software and hardware (Nakamoto, p.25). Richard Lynch on the other strengthened the argument made by Nakamoto when he said that Sony’s woes can be traced to two dev elopments: threat from low-wage labor manufacturing and the inability to invest in innovative technology such as liquid crystal display (LCD) screens (p. 108). Sony stubbornly believed that their Trinitron color TV sets are far superior to others. Wrong Technology Bets The failure to innovate led to the wrong assumptions when it comes to technology. As a result Sony Corporation was caught flat-footed in the fast transition to new technologies. Therefore, â€Å"†¦Sony, which had not invested in manufacturing LCD panels, was forced to buy them from competitors† (Nakamoto, p.12). It was too late in the game when Sony realized that it was betting on the wrong technology. As a bitter consequence the proud leader has now become a follower and forced to buy component parts from its competitors to stay relevant in the flat-screen TV war. The rush to consolidate forced the company into a corner. Take for instance the purchase of CBS Records. Since this company is in the business of producing music, Sony could not develop a portable music device that can digitally store and copy music from a compact disc or other devices.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Seven Ways to Fail Big specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result Sony’s corporate leaders were adamant to â€Å"discourage the electronics division from marketing a portable player that could download music from the internet† (Nakamoto, p.14). Sony should have technology and the resources to develop a device similar to iPod. But this was not the case. Synergy Mirage The rush to consolidate was based on the faulty idea that the company can create synergy with other acquired companies. The move can be compared to a successful restaurant that tried to create a competitive advantage by buying a farm. Business experts would challenge the wisdom of buying a ranch just to have a steady supply of beef and vegetables since one can just buy from suppliers at practical costs. But in this case the strategy was so alluring it blinded the eyes of the leaders. Many of Sony’s top executives believed that was the best move to purchase companies that does not share the core values of the organization when it comes to developing innovative electronic precuts. An analyst explained why they believe it was the right thing to do and he wrote, â€Å"The strategic logic here was that of developing a vertically integrated company – from the service that develops the pictures and music to the machines that deliver them in individual’s homes† (Lynch, p.207). When one looks back at the deal, it is difficult to understand why â€Å"vertical integration† is possible since buying a Sony TV does not automatically compel the same customer to buy DVDs made by Columbia Pictures. Pseudo Adjacencies Due to the rush to consolidate, Sony was now forced to sell new products to their old customer base. Son y began to sell movies. At the turn of the 90s, problems began piling up, specifically in relation to the acquisition of CBS Records and Columbia Pictures (Spar, p. 378). Consider for instance that in the 1990s Sony Pictures and Sony Music began to hemorrhage money. There was a time when the company announced a 37% decline in operating income. Sony invested in a movie called Last Action Hero and used up $60 million in production costs only to discover later that the movie was a major disappointment. Faulty Financial Engineering In the rush to consolidate and to make money the company was forced to develop faulty financial engineering strategies. An example is the acquisition of Columbia Pictures:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On September 24, 1989, Sony [†¦] bid $3.4 billion in cash for Columbia Pictures Entertainment Inc. It was the highest bid ever by a Japanese company for any U.S. property [†¦] In addition to the cash price, the Japanese electronics giant assumed nearly $2 billion in debt and contractual obligations (Spar, p. 368). This was followed by producing movies and promoting them without the assurance that the film would make money for the company. In many instances Sony was unable to recoup the investments that were made. At the same time it was forced to invest in the production of music that was not profitable in the time when digital music can be easily downloaded and copied. Conclusion The root cause of the problem is the failure to innovate and the need to remain profitable. This has resulted in a consolidation rush, in the belief that merging with other companies can create synergy and the creation of products that can help Sony stay on top. But the acquisition of Columbia Pi ctures and CBS records did not create the competitive advantage that corporate leaders hope for. Looking back Sony Corporation should have adapted to changing times instead of trying to acquire companies. Sony should not have stayed the course. If this was done in the first place then the company could have avoided faulty financial engineering to increase their revenue. Works Cited Lynch, Richard. Shaking Up Sony: Restoring the Profits and the Innovative Fire. IN: Indiana University Press, 2006. Nakamoto, Michiyo. (2005). Caught in Its Own Trap: Sony Battle to Make Headway  in the Networked World. UK: Financial Times, 2005. Nathan, John. Sony: The Private Life. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. Paul Carrol Chunka Mui. Seven Ways to Fail Big. MA: Harvard Business, 2008. Spar, Deborah. Managing International Trade and Investment.UK: Imperial College Press, 2003. This essay on Seven Ways to Fail Big was written and submitted by user Josephine I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 Interviewing Tips and Techniques

10 Interviewing Tips and Techniques 10 Interviewing Tips and Techniques 10 Interviewing Tips and Techniques By Mark Nichol Whether you are conducting a journalistic QA session or preparing an oral history, it’s important to prepare carefully for an interview. Here are some guidelines to help you succeed with the interview session. 1. Be Straightforward When you contact an interview subject, state your objective clearly and honestly. The nature of the interview you conduct should be the nature of the interview you described to the subject. Diversions from the stated agenda may upset the subject and undermine the interview. However, do not provide your questions to the subject in advance; tell him or her that any questions you prepare ahead of time are only part of the interview. 2. Choose an Interview-Friendly Location The interview subject’s home or office is generally better than a public location such as a coffee shop, with fewer unfamiliar distractions. A subject in the comfort of his or her own environment will provide you with better material, and you can make light conversation about a photograph, a memento, or some other object or feature to start the interview off on a relaxed footing. 3. Research the Subject Thoroughly Find out as much as you can about the person before the interview. Be well prepared, and distinguish between facts and opinions so you can query the subject appropriately about what you’ve learned. 4. Determine a Theme Avoid treating an interview as simply a series of general questions and answers. After conducting research, decide what the tone of the interview will be, and what you expect to get out of it. Develop a narrative flow based on the questions you wish to ask. The resulting content probably won’t follow that scheme, but your interview should have structure, and the questions should be organized logically by topic. 5. Prepare Questions Write down every question you can think of, whether you think you’ll have time to have them answered or not, in the order in which you would like the interview to progress, and then winnow the list to a manageable number of questions (but more than you think you’ll have time for). Craft simple questions consisting of a single query, and ask the most important ones first, in case the interview is interrupted or halted. Be prepared to jettison some questions, and be flexible enough to digress when the subject goes in an unexpected direction. Continue to follow that lead until it’s no longer productive and you are able to resume your line of questioning, preferably with a smooth transition. 6. Record the Interview If possible, use a recording device, but take notes in writing as well to help you shape the interview and in case the device malfunctions. Before you begin the interview, inform the subject that you are recording it to enhance the accuracy of the final product. Tell him or her that after you begin recording but before the interview begins, you will ask for his or her consent so that you have a record of it, and then do so. 7. Ask Questions Only the Subject Can Answer Do not waste the subject’s time by asking questions that can be answered through research. Do, however, use quantitative information such as age as a starting point. Instead of asking how old someone is, for example, ask someone who is old enough to have lived through a certain period in the past about his or her experiences during that time. 8. Engage with the Subject Demonstrate that you are interested and that what the subject is saying is important. Maintain eye contact as much as possible, but be objective and use neutral body language and avoid nodding, which may actually inhibit a substantive response. 9. Be Polite But Persistent If some of your questions are provocative or sensitive, word them carefully and ask them diplomatically. If the subject doesn’t answer or provides an inadequate response, ask again in other words. If a response still isn’t forthcoming, return to the topic again later in the interview, explaining why it’s important that the subject respond. 10. Be Patient When the subject seems to complete a response to a question, do not immediately move on to the next question, whether scripted or thought up at the time. Continue to be attentive, and patiently await more information. Sometimes, the postscript to a response is the best part. Likewise, when the interview is over, and the subject is more relaxed, take advantage of an opportunity to ask a casual question or two or to comment about something he or she said earlier. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should AvoidOn Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfCareful with Words Used as Noun and Verb

Reflecting realities of United States in the late 19th century

Reflecting realities of United States in the late 19th century Introduction In the late 19th century, many immigrants flooded into American cities, in search of green pastures. While others run from civil war, some were in search of wealth and the start of a new life.[1] The population figure grew rapidly in urban cities as a result of the immigrants.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reflecting realities of United States in the late 19th century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many immigrants were rendered homeless and urban crime increased as a result of poverty and an increase of slums. This was the shocking revelation among the immigrants who had come in search of a better life. This paper seeks to study how Horatio Alger, in his book Ragged Dick that reflects the realities of urban life, economic security and social mobility in the late 19th century. Urban life Most people found the city remarkable due to the high capacity buildings and the American cities had expanded thoug h haphazardly. The leaders then began to call for some order and organization of the cities to provide a plan for the congesting cities.[2] As both the buildings and parks were increased, the numbers of slums were also increasing. Housing was one of the greatest challenges faced by the new city dwellers. Most of the immigrants had come with no money and could not afford housing in the city or in the suburbs. The tenements later became popular and turned to slum dwellings due to the overpopulation and poor conditions of living.[3] As more immigrants kept streaming in the tenements became more over populated, since the building capacity was not expanded. Transportation also was a challenge in urban areas due to the increase of population. The cities had not been prepared to harbor such large populations and now that the new population was city dwellers, the people had to struggle for the limited number of transportation. The increase in urban population was one challenge that authorit ies were not well equipped to handle. Over population caused adequate access to public services such as Medicare and good housing. As a result, problems like outbreak of diseases kept recurring, and it was uncontrollable due to the poor living conditions most of the people lived in. Crime was also on the increase with high rates of unemployment and the desperation to survive. Gangs were formed in metropolitans were crime was common as a means to make ends meet. The schools around also lacked capacity to take in the immigrant’s children and the government felt pressure to respond to the situation.[4] Social mobility During the civil war, there was a lot of immigration with many immigrants coming from abroad. Some of the immigrants came from Latin America, Canada, Europe, China and Japan, with Europe carrying the greatest numbers.[5] Most of the Europeans who migrated to America came in with some education and enough money to support them.Advertising Looking for essay o n history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Germans and Scandinavians arrived through major ports of the Atlantic coast. However, the rest of the immigrants came in with lack of both capital and a good education. Some of the immigrants coming in hardly spoke English and with lack of proper education they worked in unskilled jobs.[6] The influx of foreigners into America led to the founding of immigration restriction league that vetted all immigrants coming in through the various ports. The government responded and set screening mechanisms among the immigrants. The officials would screen immigrants based on literacy levels, and other standards such as health status and native background.[7] Congress at that time barred the Chinese from entry and tagged them as undesirable candidates. Other candidates denied access was the paupers, mentally challenged and ex-convicts from other states.[8] The government imposed tax charge t o every person admitted to limit the number of immigrants into the state. This was to regulate the number of immigrants to ensure that the public resources were not exhausted.[9] Adjusting in the city life however, was not simple. The various ethnicities formed ethnic groups to help each other in the transition process.[10] The communities lived close to each other forming ethnic ghettos, forming close ties with their ethnic countries. The communities kept their cultures as they also adopted the new cultures. Industrialization however, led to assimilation of the different ethnic groups, this was a time industries were developing in the cities and most immigrants were hired to work in these industries.[11] The Europeans for example felt superior because they were more skilled than most of the ethnic groups like the Irish immigrants.[12] Despite the various differences the immigrants shared the same experiences of living in urban areas and facing the same experience of urban life. The natives however, encouraged assimilation the more in the various settings.[13] Schools for example, taught in English and insisted that all classes should be conducted in English. Employers in both private and public institution also looked for English-speaking employees, and this forced most immigrants to learn English to secure jobs in the various companies.[14] The stores sold only American products and this forced the immigrants to adapt to using American products. They also were assimilated in the American way of worship; most religious leaders were Native Americans and practiced their native religion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reflecting realities of United States in the late 19th century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic security Economic security was an issue of concern among individuals who had just immigrated to America.[15] Most people were looking forward to accumulating enough wealth and create opportunities for their fellow colleagues back at home[16] .The well-to-do credited their wealth to the hard work they had put and they took advantage of their early arrival to form monopolies in the capital industry. These businessmen rooted out competition in the market place and put controls to ensure that they still got their profit returns. Alger’s ragged Dick captured how the immigrants had to face desirable hardships just to make it in the city. The tycoons who owned industries paid the immigrants poorly and made them work under poor conditions and for longer hours.[17] The tycoons took advantage of the high unemployment rates and the immigrant’s lack of formal education. The tycoons posed a threat to society because even though they paid the laborers, they ran the economy. The businessmen overcharged for goods and service and the people had no choice but to pay for them, as the economy was heavily run by a monopoly.[18] Most immigrants had escaped povert y and oppression from their native land only to find themselves in the same circumstances. In the turn of the century new immigrants began streaming in and most of them from Europe. The immigrants had the privilege of some form of education and after undergoing poor working conditions and low wages the immigrants attempted to fight back. The immigrants began forming small crafted unions but they brought little success. However the immigrants were undeterred and they tried to form a nation labor organization.[19] The steel and ironworkers formed a strong association, and were able to establish the first successful strike. The laborers demanded better pay and an improvement in working conditions in the industries. This alleviated to some point the living and working conditions of the laborers, who were also able to afford the cost of living in urban areas.[20] With the great recession after the civil war the increase in wages hardly counted and many laborers later lost their jobs with no compensation. This was not what many immigrants had bargained for; most of the laborers had immigrated with the hope of making money and returning home. Despite the labor unions and increase of wages the immigrants felt the need to acquire a more secure source of income to sustain the expensive urban lifestyle.[21] Conclusion After the civil war many immigrants moved to American urban cities in search of greener pastures. Most were running away from poverty and harsh conditions back in their native countries. However, on arrival the immigrants faced great challenges unforeseen to them and a lot of them were frustrated.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Having to face unemployment, poor working conditions, keeping in tenements and racial segregation was in the least of their expectations. While some gave up along the way other became prosperous and assimilated to the urban life they envisioned. Bibliography Brinkley, Alan. The unfinished nation: the concise history of the American people. New York, McGrawHill, 2009. 453 Davidson, J. West, and Mark H. Lytle.After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection. Michigan: McGraw-Hill, 2009.204 Davidson, J. West, and Mark H. Lytle.After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection. Michigan: McGraw-Hill, 2009.204 Alger,Horatio. Ragged Dick. New York: W. W. Norton Co., 2008.28 Davidson, J. West, and Mark H. Lytle.After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection. Michigan: McGraw-Hill, 2009.205 . Alger,Horatio. Ragged Dick. New York: W. W. Norton Co., 2008. 34 . Davidson, J. West, and Mark H. Lytle.After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection. Michigan: McGraw-Hill, 2009. 207 Brinkley, Alan . The unfinished nation: the concise history of the American people. New York, Mc-Graw Hill, 2009.458 Davidson, J. West, and Mark H. Lytle.After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection. Michigan: McGraw-Hill, 2009, 207 Brinkley,Alan. The Unfinished Nation: The Concise History of the American People. New York: Mc-Graw Hill, 2009.436 Davidson, J. West, and Mark H. Lytle.After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection. Michigan: McGraw-Hill, 2009. 207 Brinkley,Alan. The Unfinished Nation: The Concise History of the American People. New York: Mc-Graw Hill, 2009.454 Brinkley, Alan. The unfinished nation: the concise history of the American people. (New York, Mc-Graw Hill, 2009) 458 Brinkley,Alan. The Unfinished Nation: The Concise History of the American People. New York: Mc-Graw Hill, 2009. 458 Alger,Horatio. Ragged Dick. New York: W. W. Norton Co., 2008. 34 Brinkley,Alan. The Unfinished Nation: The Concise History of the American People. New York: Mc-Graw Hill, 2009.448 Davidson, J. West, and Mark H. Lytle.After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection. Michigan: McGraw-Hill, 2009. 211 Brinkley,Alan. The Unfinished Nation: The Concise History of the American People. New York: Mc-Graw Hill, 2009.437 Alger,Horatio. Ragged Dick. New York: W. W. Norton Co., 2008.47 Brinkley, Alan. The unfinished nation: the concise history of the American people. (New York, Mc-Graw Hill, 2009) 445 Brinkley,Alan. The Unfinished Nation: The Concise History of the American People. New York: Mc-Graw Hill, 2009.449

Environmental science assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental science assignment - Essay Example (MacFarlan & Sgherri, 2001) Research has also demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the extent of HIV prevalence and the severity of reduction in growth of gross domestic product in a country. (Piot et al, 2001) Many children in Botswana are growing up with one parent, and a growing percentage are growing up having lost both parents to AIDS or to concomitant infections. It has been suggested that the increased population of orphans could have a negative effect on biodiversity caused by excessive reliance on hunting and food gathering of children orphaned by AIDS. It also seems extremely likely that the dispensation of human bodies could prove problematic, as any mechanism for caring for the dead could involve contamination of air or groundwater. Further studies must be undertaken to fully understand the ramifications of AIDS infections and deaths on the environmental status of Botswana and other South African countries. 1d) The US and Canada could take many steps t o reduce the prevalence of AIDS in Botswana and in sub-Saharan Africa in general. For one, working to equalize treatment of women would go a long way toward preventing new infections. Supporting programs to educate girls and women would reduce infection, and providing safe spaces for girls and women would prevent infection through rape and other nonconsensual sexual acts. The Stephen Lewis Foundation funds educational programs for young women and girls in an effort to empower them to protect and support themselves. 2) Precautionary Principle â€Å"The precautionary principle sets forth no positive obligation; it simply reminds legislators that they cannot wait for proof of a cause-effect linkage between a given substance, process, or activity and environmental harm before acting to reduce or eliminate the risk of this harm.† (Ellis, 2006) As a justification for public health policy in particular, the precautionary principle has serious drawbacks. Likewise, a company seeking t o introduce a novel substance or process into the environment ought to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of that novelty before being permitted to act. Critics have stacked precautionary practices because they have "produced and promoted ineffectual environmental policies." (Gardiner, 2006). This practice presupposes that human beings fully understand their environment, and that they fully comprehend the ramifications of that. Suppose a process designed to remove chemical pollution from the air was introduced, and that this process involves the use of heavy metals to bind the aforementioned chemical pollution. How would the resultant toxic slurry be disposed of? What about potential harm to individuals working to implement the law? These questions and more would have to be addressed in a satisfactory manner before the process should be legalized, and companies permitted to go forward with implementation plans. Anyone wishing to introduce a new chemical, industrial process, land us e change or any other significant and novel development into any society should absolutely be required to demonstrate not only the safety but the efficacy of that development and transparency of intent before they are permitted to introduce it, even if they are ostensibly acting in the interests of public health. All too often, the needs of large corporations are valued over those of individual human beings. Anyone who stands to make a profit from the introduction or implementation of a novel venture ought to be prohibited from sponsoring